Friday, 19 December 2014

'Rum, Rumba, And Romance': A Book On Cuba's Enduring Mystique



Cuba is dominating the news, following President Obama's announcement that he will begin to normalize relations with the island nation.


For our series This Week's Must Read, poet and Cuban-American writer Richard Blanco turns to literature for another perspective on this story.


This Week's Must Read


People often tell me how fascinated they are with Cuba. I'm really dying to go there before it changes, they'll say. Or else they've already been and they can't wait to tell me what a good time they had.


I used to smile politely, and brace myself for tropical-flavored cliches.


And then I read The Havana Habit by Gustavo Perez Firmat. And I learned that there's more to it than just subscribing to cliches — a lot more.


The book examines how "Cubans and things Cuban have captured the American imagination." Things like Ricky Ricardo, Fidel Castro, cigars, mojitos, rumba girdles and conga lines. As the author notes, no other Latin American country has left such an imprint on the American imagination.


But that imprint doesn't have much to do with Cuba itself. Instead the book explores the role that this island — "so near and yet so foreign" — has played in America's psychic life. He writes that Cuba represents "the realm of the senses ... It's the place where American young men and women discover rum, rumba, and romance ... a pleasure island, an Eden for the sensually deprived." For Americans, he says, Cuba has been a "mirror and mirage: a magnified reflection of domestic anxieties as well as a beckoning oasis of otherness."


After a decades-long embargo, Americans may once again travel to Cuba. If you are one of those dying to go or eager to return, The Havana Habit explains why. It makes for a travel guide like no other, uncovering the mystique of Cuba — past, present (and future?).


Richard Blanco served as the inaugural poet of the United States in 2013. His latest book is The Prince of los Cocuyos: A Miami Childhood.




Canines play critical role in police operations


ROUMIEH, Lebanon: Officer Boston searched energetically under the white car, scaling the tiny crevices where drugs or explosives are often hidden. He circled to the back of the car and stuck his face high under the rear bumper. Here, after finding the explosives, Boston sat down, looked over to his partner, and began panting. Boston, a Belgian shepherd in the ISF’s K9, had successfully completed a drill.


“He smells it then he sits in front of it. That’s when the trainer knows that the last place the dog’s nose was is the location of the explosive,” said Captain Eddy al-Ghrayeb, head of the ISF’s K9 Bureau. “After that, the explosives expert intervenes.”


The ISF’s K9 division serves as a backup unit when the primary police force is searching for drugs, explosives or missing people.


Three breeds comprise the majority of the division: Labradors, German Shepherds, and Belgian Shepherds that are imported from breeders in France.


According to Ghrayeb, American and Chinese law enforcement agencies also import their police dogs from France.


Ghrayeb, who joined the ISF in 2004 and the K9 unit in 2005, travels to France once a year where he picks up a handful of dogs to return and train for the Lebanese police.


A French trainer chooses around 100 dogs from a pool of 200. From there, Ghrayeb spends about a half an hour with each dog and whittles down the pool until he’s found around 10 to 15 dogs that he brings back to Lebanon.


“I do both psychological and work tests, which means I make the dog work and test his personality,” Ghrayeb said, sitting in his office at Roumieh prison, north of Beirut. “I know that the dog and his trainer will be in stressful situations.”


The ideal dog is young – older than eight months but younger than two years.


Like people, each dog has its own personality, strengths and weaknesses, Ghrayeb said. Some are hard workers while others might not be as driven.


The ISF trainer’s job is to find a position that best fits the dog’s strengths and personality.


“Labradors and German Shepherds are very good dogs, but they have trouble enduring the high temperature. In Lebanon, during summer the temperature reaches sometimes 40?C and because we work under the sun ... we can’t tell the dog to wait until the sun sets and the temperature goes down. We have to work in this tough condition. So we have found that the [dog] breed that doesn’t get very bothered is the Malinois [Belgian Shepherd].”


Labradors, however, are the dog of choice for operations or demonstrations at schools because they are less intimidating.


The personality of each individual dog also comes into play.


Some dogs are better suited for the airport, where they sniff out drugs, while others monitor cars and other areas for explosives.


Some perform tracking duty – chasing the scent of criminals on the run. There is also the new search-and-rescue program, where dogs search for missing people – an example being seeking out people hidden under wreckage following an explosion.


“Either he has it from birth or he doesn’t,” Ghrayeb said.


The dogs reside in Roumieh and are paired up with police officers. When the dogs hit 9 years old they are at retirement age and often live out the rest of their lives as civilian dogs at their partner’s family home, Ghrayeb said.


In fact, the ISF officer said the bond between the dog and partner grows to quite deep levels. “You know, the dog builds a relationship with his trainer and they become a team.”


“The dog gets affected by his owner’s feelings through facial expressions and heartbeats. The dog knows if his trainer’s blood pressure is high or low. So, if the handler is under stress the dog will be under stress. That’s why we want dogs that can bear the stress and perform at a certain level.”


The training takes four to five months in all before a team is formed. “We also choose elite dogs that are not afraid of gunfire and have a good ability to attack criminals,” Ghrayeb said.


The captain also squashed rumors that drug dogs may get a taste or even overdose on products during their careers.


“It’s a myth that dogs that look for drugs actually consume them,” Ghrayeb said.


“[Think of it this way], do dogs who look for explosives consume them? We let the dog smell but the material does not reach the dog’s nose. The drug’s powder stays 30 to 40 centimeters away from the dog’s face, and the dog only smells the particles of the drugs from the air and doesn’t consume the powder itself.


“We prevent our dogs from touching this substance, because it’s poisonous and it kills the dogs.”


To date, Ghrayeb said no dogs have been martyred in the line of duty. “We care about protecting the dogs and their health ... It never happened that a dog died on a mission or during work, not even from explosions.”


After Officer Boston discovered the explosives, his partner tossed him a toy and ran over to praise him.


The dog broke his sitting pose and jumped around happily, wagging his tail excitedly and gnawing on the toy. Just another day on the job for Officer Boston.



Siniora: Future-Hezbollah dialogue will be held very soon


BEIRUT: A first round of talks between the Future Movement and Hezbollah will be held “very soon,” former Prime Minister Fouad Siniora said Friday, a move that is likely to ease sectarian tensions fueled by the raging war in Syria.


“Matters concerning the Future-Hezbollah dialogue are on the right track,” Siniora told The Daily Star. “A first round of this dialogue will be held very soon.”


He said the planned Future-Hezbollah talks are primarily aimed at defusing sectarian tensions and facilitating the election of a president.


Strained ties between the two powerful rival factions, exacerbated by Hezbollah’s military intervention in Syria, have at times put the country on edge.


Siniora spoke after he and Interior Minister Nouhad Machnouk returned Friday from Saudi Arabia, where they held talks with former Prime Minister Saad Hariri ahead of the upcoming talks with Hezbollah.


In addition to Siniora and Machnouk, a Future delegation that met with Hariri at his residence in Riyadh also included former MPs Ghattas Khoury and Bassem Sabeh and Nader Hariri, chief of Hariri’s staff.


The talks focused on the proposed dialogue with Hezbollah and how to end the stalemate that has left Lebanon without a president for more than six months.


Future MP Ammar Houri said the atmosphere was “positive” for talks with Hezbollah. “Efforts are underway to agree on an agenda for the dialogue,” he told The Daily Star.


The Central News Agency quoted political sources close to the Future Movement and Hezbollah as saying the first round of talks would be held between Nader Hariri and Hussein Khalil, a political aide to Hezbollah head Sayyed Hasan Nasrallah, under the sponsorship of Speaker Nabih Berri at Ain al-Tineh on Dec. 29.


Future MP Mohammad Hajjar said the proposed talks with Hezbollah were designed to protect Lebanon from the reverberations of the war in Syrian, now in its fourth year.


“We are ready for a dialogue aimed at protecting the country by discussing several items, including how to spare Lebanon the repercussions of what is happening in the region, with Hezbollah’s involvement in the Syria war, and working to end the paralysis in the state institutions in the absence of a president,” he told the Voice of Lebanon radio station.


The Future delegation’s visit came a day after Hariri held talks at his residence in Riyadh with Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea, who returned to Beirut Thursday night, ending a weeklong official visit to Saudi Arabia.Hariri and Geagea stressed the need to expedite the presidential vote, defuse political tensions and preserve stability and security in Lebanon.


Geagea, on his second visit to Riyadh this year, held talks with senior Saudi officials dominated by the presidential election deadlock.


“Geagea discussed with senior Saudi officials how to end the presidential vacuum,” sources close to the LF told The Daily Star. The sources said if any regional consultations, mainly between Saudi Arabia and Iran via France, were held over the Lebanese presidential crisis, this would be done in “full coordination with Geagea and [former] Prime Minister Saad Hariri.”


“The discussions in Saudi Arabia focused on Geagea’s initiative in June to break the presidential deadlock,” the sources said, referring to the LF leader’s proposal to either withdraw from the presidency race, contest the election with MP Michel Aoun, or to search for a neutral candidate who does not belong to either the March 8 or March 14 camp.


Geagea is the March 14-backed presidential candidate, while Aoun is supported by Hezbollah and its March 8 allies for the top Christian post.


The Saudi officials did not bring up names of any presidential candidates during their meetings with Geagea, the sources said.


They added that the talks in Riyadh also touched on the war in Syria. “The two sides stressed that there can be no solution to the conflict in Syria while Bashar Assad stayed in power. The solution begins with Bashar Assad stepping down,” the sources said. On attempts to bring Geagea and his arch political foe, Aoun, together, the sources said: “Efforts are still ongoing to make a meeting between the two leaders productive.”


Geagea also discussed with Saudi officials protecting Lebanese interests, including the possibility of exporting apples to the kingdom, the sources said.


Meanwhile, Iranian Parliament Speaker Ali Larijani is scheduled to visit Lebanon in the coming days as part of a regional tour that will also take him to Syria and Iraq for talks centering on the ISIS threat.


In Beirut, Larijani will hold talks with Berri, Prime Minister Tammam Salam and Nasrallah. The main objective of Larijani’s trip is to discuss with officials in the three countries the threat posed by ISIS.


“I think that the trip will be focused on the ending the crisis posed by Daesh in the region,” Hossein Sheikholeslam, a foreign policy adviser to Larijani, told The Daily Star by phone, using the Arabic acronym of ISIS.


“It’s going to be about supporting the will of the people to implement what they want. And mainly about the resolution of the crisis by peaceful means of cooperation and also about supporting the resistance,” he said.


Asked whether Larijani would also discuss the presidential deadlock with Lebanese officials, he said: “Lebanon is the least problematic matter in the region. The much bigger problem is in Daesh and the much bigger problem is in Palestine and the way the Israelis are treating the Palestinian issue.”


Larijani’s visit comes amid a flurry of stepped up political activity by French, Russian and European Union officials who visited Lebanon last week in an attempt to push rival Lebanese leaders to resolve the presidential crisis. – Additional reporting by Kristin Dailey



Berri assures families swap deal approved in principle


BEIRUT: Speaker Nabih Berri Friday assured a delegation of the families of captive servicemen that the principle of a swap deal to win their release was approved by authorities, noting that he had received positive information regarding efforts to end their plight.


“Be assured that all Lebanese, regardless of their religion, sect, faction or region, consider the cause of the captive servicemen as their own,” Berri told families who visited him at his Ain al-Tineh residence.


The speaker said that the government had approved the principle of a swap deal, adding that he was coordinating on resolving the issue with Progressive Socialist Party leader Walid Jumblatt.


Berri said he had received information that “matters were improving” toward ending the soldiers’ four-month-long ordeal.


The speaker reiterated his stance calling for complete discretion on the progress of negotiations leading to the aspired outcome.


ISIS and Nusra Front militants have been holding 25 troops and policemen captive on the outskirts of Arsal since overrunning the northeast border town in early August. They seek to trade them with Islamist detainees held in Lebanese and Syrian prisons.


Meanwhile, Jumblatt said on Twitter he would not drop mediation efforts under any circumstances.


His comments came after ISIS said in a recent video that the PSP leader, former Prime Minister Saad Hariri and Lebanese Forces leader Samir Geagea were responsible for the lives of the captives.


A French-speaking ISIS fighter in a video originally handed to Tripoli Sheikh Wissam Masri before being uploaded online said, “To France’s allies: Hariri, Geagea and Jumblatt. Listen to me carefully. You certainly are criminals, and today you added a new crime to your crimes through your cooperation with [Hezbollah] and by turning the Lebanese Army into a puppet in [Hezbollah’s] hands, targeting the Sunni people through them.”


“ISIS is in a state of war with Hezbollah, which meddles in [Syrian] Muslim affairs and which has killed our women and children,” warned the militant, who was flanked by captors holding knives to the necks of three of the Lebanese captives on their knees and wearing blue jumpsuits.


“Therefore you are solely responsible for the future of your fellow citizens [captives], their fate – the decision between life or death – is in your hands,” ISIS threatened.


Jumblatt expressed puzzlement regarding the ISIS remarks, saying, “We have nothing to do with what others do or say.”


He added that Health Minister Wael Abu Faour would proceed independently with efforts to implement a swap deal, and voiced hope that ISIS would appreciate his stance.


Masri, who claims he has been appointed as a mediator by militants holding the Lebanese servicemen, said Thursday that he checked on the captives held on the outskirts of the northeastern border village of Arsal.


News emerged that Masri was appointed by Nusra shortly after both the government and Islamist militants turned down an offer by the Muslim Scholars Committee to mediate the release of the captives.


Hussein Youssef, the spokesperson of the families of the captives, told the Central News Agency that the families were trying to meet Prime Minister Tammam Salam in the coming hours to convince him to formally commission Masri with negotiating the release of their loved ones.


Youssef said Masri informed the families Thursday evening that he had a “good and not complicated” initiative to resolve the case, but that he would not reveal its details and would only launch it once he was tasked by the government to do so.


“Once he’s commissioned, the captors will release three or four servicemen as a goodwill gesture,” Youssef added.



Police arrest Baath Party cell sending abducted rebels to Assad


MAJDAL ANJAR, Lebanon: Lebanese authorities have arrested a Baath Party cell allegedly involved in handing over Syrian rebel fighters to Bashar Assad’s regime after kidnapping them in Lebanon, security sources said Friday.


The sources told The Daily Star that the all-Lebanese, seven-member cell was arrested in Kfar Qouq, in the southeastern district of Hasbaya, earlier this week.


Another security source told The Daily Star the Internal Security Forces Information Branch has so far arrested nine suspects over the case, including several members of the Hezbollah-linked Resistance Brigades.


Police raided the house of Majed Mansour, a Baath Party official in the Bekaa Valley village of Gaza, but he had escaped, the source said.


But the raid resulted in the arrest of his brother, who was also suspected of involvement in the kidnapping of Syrian Mohammad Naamani one week ago.


Another abductee was identified as Syrian Fayez Abdallah, and was kidnapped one month ago. The source said the two hostages were transferred to Syria either through a tunnel in Qusaya in the Bekaa Valley, or through a Syrian army controlled crossing in the village of Yanta in Rashaya al-Wadi.


The sources said one group member, identified as Haitham Hamad, was wounded during the raid, then taken to a local hospital and kept under strict watch by the police.


The cell has been in close contact with Ali Deeb, who was an official of the intelligence branch of Syria’s Baath Party during the era of Syrian tutelage over Lebanon between 1990 and 2005, a security source said.


Local leaders from the Bekaa Valley met Friday at Dar al-Fatwa in Majdal Anjar to condemn the reported abductions and laud police efforts.


The Mufti of Bekaa and Zahle Sheikh Khalil al-Mais accused the Resistance Brigades of standing behind the “condemned kidnappings,” and underlined that “such acts harm the prestige of the state and its security agencies.”


For their part, pro-Syrian regime officials held a meeting in the Bekaa town of Khiara to denounce the arrests. The meeting included members of the Baath party and other pro-Syrian regime Lebanese parties.


They accused the police of acting “like a gang,” warning it against repeating such actions.


The wife of rebel fighter Mohammad Naamani, Wafaa al-Akle, told The Daily Star that her husband was kidnapped after being chased by two cars last week.


She claimed that her two children, aged 3 and 13, were also abducted for three hours before being left in a field.


She said she had not yet received any calls from the kidnappers to inform her about the location of her husband, who she said arrived to Lebanon almost two years ago for medical treatment after he was wounded in fighting.


She said Naamani joined the Free Syrian Army as soon as the conflict erupted in neighboring Syria nearly four years ago, adding that he had spent seven years in a Syrian prison.


Akle also said her husband was wanted in Lebanon after being sentenced to one year and three months behind bars for using a fake Lebanese ID to enter the country.



U.K.-Lebanon: A growing partnership


The history of Lebanon is one of a country at the crossroads of civilizations, religions, customs and economies. And the same is true today as the country faces yet another chapter of challenges and opportunities. And as I confirmed throughout my visit, Britain stands ready to assist.


It has been humbling to see the magnitude of the threats Lebanon faces from terrorism. I hope the mothers of Lebanon’s captive sons and daughters – of all faiths – will be able to spend Christmas with their children. Like Lebanon, the U.K. also knows too well that terrorism is a global problem. The sad events in Sydney this week have reminded us of that. The U.K. is a target too, and we are proud to stand beside the Lebanese state as it faces down the threat of terror and chaos.


I am pleased that Britain is working with key Lebanese voices to discredit the violent ideology of groups like ISIS and promote instead security, justice and opportunity for all. And as I saw firsthand, we are working ever closer to support the Lebanese Armed Forces to improve their border surveillance, to counter the threat of incursions from ISIS, the Nusra Front and other armed groups.


The Syrian refugee crisis is affecting the entire region and the international community owes Lebanon a huge debt of gratitude for the enormous burden it has undertaken in providing over 1.2 million Syrians safety and security from the civil war. I am pleased Britain has already gifted Lebanon $273 million for humanitarian, development and state-building aid. I’ve highlighted how we are the largest donor to the World Bank Trust Fund.


But it is easy to get caught up in today’s problems, and to forget that the U.K.’s partnership with Lebanon is not simply about humanitarian and security challenges, but also about bilateral trade and economic prosperity.


We are both great trading nations. In 2015 we expect U.K.-Lebanon trade to have doubled since 2011. Both our economies will benefit from the U.K.-Lebanon Tech Hub, to be launched next year, which will establish Lebanon as a regional technology hub and boost both British and Lebanese companies. With Lebanese entrepreneurialism and British innovation, there is huge potential for further growth.


I also want to see the U.K. sharing its enormous expertise in hydrocarbons, to benefit both our countries. The British company Spectrum has been contracted to survey Lebanon’s on- and offshore gas reserves. Spectrum is one of over 3,000 companies involved in the U.K. oil and gas supply chain: these companies can help Lebanon build the infrastructure it will need to extract, deliver and sell its gas reserves. This year we sent our first Lebanese Chevening Energy scholar to study oil and gas law in Aberdeen, Europe’s oil and gas capital. And here in Lebanon we are helping to develop transparent mechanisms to manage the revenues: these precious reserves must promote peace, not prolong conflict.


In education, we are also strengthening our relationships. Indeed, from the home of the alphabet to the country of Shakespeare, we are natural partners in education. The British Embassy team are working with the Ministry of Education to supply textbooks to every student in Lebanese public schools, and have just finalized a new three-year package of support to help expand the public school system to accommodate over 100,000 Syrian children whilst also improving its quality. The British Council has trained 549 head teachers and 3,014 teachers in schools throughout the country, delivering the English language to a global nation. Sixty-five schools in the U.K. have paired up with Lebanese counterparts under the Connecting Classrooms initiative. And some of Lebanon’s top talent study in the U.K. through the prestigious Chevening scholarship scheme: Its graduates this week told me that studying in the U.K. has sharpened their aspirations for a future Lebanon.


There is no doubt our two countries already enjoy a strong and prosperous relationship and my visit confirms there is much potential and that more can be achieved together. Lebanon is in a tough neighborhood but in so many ways it is an example of inclusivity, diversity and prosperity to other countries in the region.


Tobias Ellwood is the U.K.’s Foreign Office minister for the Middle East.



With rise of ISIS, Brital more welcoming of Hezbollah


BRITAL, Lebanon: The paved road, once a smuggling route, leads through Hezbollah and Lebanese Army checkpoints to a majestic view of the Qalamoun mountains, perched across the deep valley. Behind the closest peaks is a road that once led from Syria’s Zabadani to the embattled Lebanese border town of Arsal, now severed as a result of Hezbollah and the Syrian army’s takeover of the villages on the Syrian side of the border, from Rankous to Asal al-Ward, and the emptying of the Lebanese border enclave of Tfeil.


At first glance, it is evident why the party placed so much emphasis on controlling the border villages, which its second-in-command, Sheikh Naim Qassem, declared earlier this year were firmly in its control, despite suffering the occasional attack from Syrian rebels camped out in the rugged terrain.


The party is believed to maintain numerous ambush points and hidden outposts throughout the mountain range nearby, and residents say they sometimes see unmanned drones flying overhead.


But Hezbollah was not always so firmly entrenched in this majority-Shiite border village, which in October repelled a surprise attack by Nusra Front militants on a party observation point on its mountainous outskirts.


Predominantly Shiite Brital, once home to a thriving weapons trade, and whose residents once even sold arms and trained some rebel fighters aiming to overthrow President Bashar Assad’s regime, has gone from seeing the Syrian revolution as an extension of the Arab Spring that it could profit from to existential fear at the rise of extremist groups like ISIS along the border.


“We now have a choice between the bad and the worse,” said one former arms smuggler from the village.


Brital has long been fiercely independent, and residents said the village was split between supporters of Hezbollah and others who would have preferred not to see its influence on the rise at the start of the Syrian uprising.


Some say the party has a nonexistent social program in their region of the Bekaa Valley, and has been unable to develop the area or to bring jobs and good quality health care and education.


Socially, the party was a “failure,” the former smuggler said. “They cannot be a state,” he added.


But the rise of ISIS and the Nusra Front transformed the dynamic, convincing many that Hezbollah was prescient in identifying the militant threat.


“Hezbollah intervened and said they would defend the Sayyida Zeinab [shrine] and the others emerged to erase us and cut out our hearts,” said the former smuggler. “We are not in the party but now we would fight on its behalf.”


Hezbollah vehemently argues that its intervention in Syria and the driving away of jihadis from border villages nipped in the bud a potential influx of extremist rebels across the border into Lebanon, going so far as to claim that if it were not for the intervention, militants would have had checkpoints in Jounieh, Beirut and Sidon by now.


But critics of the party say its intervention invited attacks and spillover from the Syrian war into fragile Lebanon. A series of suicide bombings and attacks, both against areas associated with the party and the Lebanese Army, happened after Hezbollah’s intervention in Syria. Most were claimed by radical Syrian rebels.


But many in Shiite border villages see the party’s actions as protecting them from cross-border attacks, rather than a self-fulfilling prophecy.


“Is there an FSA anymore?” the former smuggler asked rhetorically, referring to the umbrella group of moderate Syrian opposition fighters. “I used to oppose Hezbollah’s policies but then I saw that [Sayyed Hasan] Nasrallah had a vision 10 years ahead of its time.”


Their fears of cross-border fallout were realized with the invasion and brief occupation of Arsal, a half hour drive away from Brital, by militants pledging loyalty to ISIS and the Nusra Front back in August and the ensuing hostage crisis involving Lebanese servicemen.


A man who gave access to his land to Hezbollah said the fall of border villages would have easily given access to the militants through the Western mountain range to the towns on the Mediterranean.


That was why when news arrived on the attack on the outskirts of Brital, hundreds or thousands of residents rushed in their pickups and cars to the outskirts and helped hold off the assault, some firing mortars and small arms at the militants’ position until they withdrew.


Locals said the weapons trade stopped with the emergence of extremist militant groups, and the old smuggling routes were closed off by the townsfolk.


After a spate of car bombings against majority-Shiite areas in Lebanon, some of which were reportedly conducted using stolen cars smuggled through Brital, Hezbollah’s presence in the area increased.


Residents say this is the first time the border is so thoroughly sealed. It is a far cry from what one resident said was the norm earlier in the uprising, when rebels would go into town to buy food and supplies to use in their fight, back before Hezbollah entered the fray.


“Even those who used to sell weapons and diesel to the FSA stopped doing so,” the former smuggler who was involved in the arms trade said, adding that residents provided all kinds of small arms and artillery.


When asked why residents aided the rebels, the ex-smuggler said: “It was the Arab Spring.”


He said the village had sold weapons to the Syrian Muslim Brotherhood back during a short-lived uprising in Hama against then-President Hafez Assad in 1982. But it was also a lucrative trade for a region that feels abandoned by the state.


Back before the emergence of extremist rebels, Hezbollah had little recourse to impose its will on the clannish and fiercely independent region. There were some areas where residents said portraits of Nasrallah and Hezbollah were not allowed, and roads where its vehicles were not permitted to go through.


The lack of development in the area around Baalbek prompted many local farmers to plant marijuana openly for hash export abroad, driving prices down as the supply skyrocketed.


But now, residents say the majority supports Hezbollah’s actions and many villagers of Brital have allowed the party to use their land to protect the village.


“I give them my land and tractors,” said the man who allowed the party access to use his land.


“We closed [the road into Brital] after Qusair,” he added, referring to a Syrian town invaded by Hezbollah in June 2013. “[Rebels] used to come and buy food, but how can we keep it open if the village’s people are getting killed?”



Book sales turn new page at Arab international fair


BEIRUT: Contrary to a commonly held belief, the popularity of printed books is on the rise in Lebanon, as evidenced by the turnover of this year’s Beirut International Arab Book Fair, according to several publishing houses who took part in the exhibition.


“People were coming to read. I felt this year that there was a young generation present [among the book fair visitors], more than usual,” said Rana Idriss, the director of Beirut-based publishing house Dar al-Adab, which took part in the book fair.


Idriss said the turnover at this year’s edition of BIABF was far from disappointing, with the level of sales almost the same as last year. “This is not bad. We are always concerned that sales will drop,” she said.


Idriss said new novels and children’s books were most in demand.


Bestsellers at Dar al-Adab included books by novelists Hanan al-Shaykh, Wassim al-Aaraj and Bassima al-Khatib.


Idriss noted that wholesalers from countries that Lebanese publishing houses could no longer reach because of instability, such as Libya and Iraq, have also bought books from the BIABF this year.


Organized by the Arab Cultural Club and the Union of Publishers in Lebanon, the 58th edition of the BIABF took place between Nov. 28 and Dec. 11.


Ghassan Chebaro, from the Arab Scientific Publishers, said that business this year was even more fruitful than the previous edition of BIABF.


“This year was better than the last one in terms of sales,” Chebaro said. “Last year was very bad.”


Commenting on large crowds drawn to BIABF this year, Chebaro said that not all those who showed up were actually interested in reading. “Many people come to the book fair just to attend a book signing event ... but still some people wait for the book fair from year to year to buy books at cheaper prices,” he said.


For the last five years, all of ASP’s books have been available for download on e-readers such as Kindles.


But Chebaro said that demand for paper books was much higher during this year’s edition of BIABF: “Many people began demanding e-books when they were first introduced. But now, demand has dropped and this is not only the case in the Arab world.”


The BIABF issued the final statistics on the sales: In the category of general works, topping sales was an English-Arabic dictionary by Munir and Ramzi Baalbaki; for political books, Hezbollah MP Hassan Fadlallah’s “Hezbollah and the State” was the bestseller; in social sciences, Saoud El-Mawla’s “Shiite Politics” was No. 1; while in poetry, Ahlam Mustaghanmi’s collection “Alayka al-Lahfa” topped the lists.


Nirmin al-Khansa’s “Another Person” was the most popular novel, while “Qahwajiyat,” a book of humorous literature, was the most sold in the category of literature. In history and geography, “Arab and the Civilized Challenges,” by Ahmad Bu Melhem was the bestseller, and in sciences it was Ziad Kreidieh’s “Our Digestive System.”


Talal Shatawi’s “You Are Still in my Thoughts,” topped sales in the category of biographies and translated works, while “Ma’akul al-Hana” by Chef Antoine Hajj was the best-performing art book.


Saqi Books’ Manal Chamoun described this year’s sales as “much better” than last year.


“The turnover was better and we had important book signing events,” she said. “There was high demand for political books and novels this year.”


“The Islamic State: Roots, Savagery: Future,” by Palestinian journalist Abdel-Bari Atwan and a translated version of “Jamila” by Russian novelist Chingiz Aytmatov were among the titles by Saqi Books that sold the most this year.


Echoing Chamoun, Mahmoud, from Egyptian publishing house Dar al-Shurouq, said that business in the latest edition of BIABF turned out to be better than last year.


“It was not bad, there were a lot of shoppers,” he said.


He explained that novels, poetry books and politics books were demanded the most this year.


“Many people bought books by [Egyptian journalist Mohammad Hassanein] Haykal and [novelist] Alaa al-Aswany,” he explained.


But Nasser Fleiti, from Riad El-Rayyes Books, had something different to say.


He noted that the turnover in the previous edition of BIABF was better than this year.


“Last year was better in terms of sales and the number of participating Arab publishing houses,” Fleiti said.


According to Fleiti, Lebanese and Arabs in general were becoming more and more interested “in hearing and seeing rather than reading.”


Other reasons for the drop in sales were the deteriorating economic and security situations, according to Fleiti.


He said that topping sales at Riad El-Rayyes Books this year were poetry books, novels and political titles.



Obama Says 'James Flacco.' The Internet Says, Thank You



Actor James Franco, seen here with The Interview co-star Seth Rogen, was called "James Flacco" by President Obama Friday. Afterwards, the jokes poured in.i i



Actor James Franco, seen here with The Interview co-star Seth Rogen, was called "James Flacco" by President Obama Friday. Afterwards, the jokes poured in. Getty Images hide caption



itoggle caption Getty Images

Actor James Franco, seen here with The Interview co-star Seth Rogen, was called "James Flacco" by President Obama Friday. Afterwards, the jokes poured in.



Actor James Franco, seen here with The Interview co-star Seth Rogen, was called "James Flacco" by President Obama Friday. Afterwards, the jokes poured in.


Getty Images


It was an honest mistake. But when President Obama meant to talk about James Franco and instead said "James Flacco" – on a Friday marking the full-on start of the holidays, no less – the slip was eagerly received by people on Twitter and elsewhere.


The remark came as the president spoke about the FBI's belief that North Korea is responsible for a hacking attack on Sony Pictures, in retaliation for its now-canceled spoof comedy, The Interview.


Here's what Obama said during his end-of-year news conference:




"I think it says something interesting about North Korea, that they decided to have the state mount an all-out assault on a movie studio because of a satirical movie, starring Seth Rogan and James Flacco.


"I love Seth. And I love James. But the notion that that was a threat to them I think gives you a sense of the kind of regime we're talking about here."




Shortly after the flub, NFL quarterback Joe Flacco wrote to actor James Franco, "Welcome to the family, brother."


After the president spoke, the name James Flacco became a top-trending topic on Twitter. Several people Photoshopped images that combined aspects of the actor and the Ravens quarterback. And some simply took Obama's slip to another level, as Slate quickly published a name generator to let people .


For example, the rapper Ghostface Killah came out as "Ghostface Kaepernick."



Obama Says Sony Made A 'Mistake' In Cancelling 'The Interview'



Audio for this story from All Things Considered will be available at approximately 7:00 p.m. ET.





President Obama said Sony made a mistake by pulling the movie North Korea opposed and promised a U.S. response to North Korea's actions in the cyber attack against the company.




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West Wing Week 12/19/14 or, "Todos Somos Americanos"

This week, the President traveled to Fort Dix to thank our troops, took action to protect Alaska's Bristol Bay, and announced historic changes to America's relationship with Cuba. That's December 12th to December 18th or, "Todos Somos Americanos."

Sentenced For Life, Inmate Still Holds Hope For Release



David Padilla poses with his grandchildren. Seventeen years ago, a judge found Padilla guilty of conspiracy and possession with intent to distribute cocaine.i i



David Padilla poses with his grandchildren. Seventeen years ago, a judge found Padilla guilty of conspiracy and possession with intent to distribute cocaine. Courtesy Padilla Family hide caption



itoggle caption Courtesy Padilla Family

David Padilla poses with his grandchildren. Seventeen years ago, a judge found Padilla guilty of conspiracy and possession with intent to distribute cocaine.



David Padilla poses with his grandchildren. Seventeen years ago, a judge found Padilla guilty of conspiracy and possession with intent to distribute cocaine.


Courtesy Padilla Family


Thousands of people sentenced under the tough drug laws of the 1980s and 90s are still behind bars, serving mandatory minimum prison sentences requiring them to spend decades, if not life, in prison. Nowadays people convicted for the same crimes serve far less time.


One of them is a man named David Padilla. He lives inside a medium-security prison in Fairmont, N.J. Seventeen years ago, a judge found him guilty of conspiracy and possession with intent to distribute cocaine. Padilla was arrested after he and his co-defendants moved drugs out of a Philadelphia hotel in a dark-colored suitcase. State police later found two handguns in a trap door in their borrowed van.




"There is no doubt in my mind that I feel I should have been punished ... But I don't agree that I should die in prison."





Padilla had two previous drug charges. The prosecutor in his case asked the court to weigh those priors and, a year after his arrest, the judge sent him to prison for the rest of his life.


Sitting on a tan-colored plastic chair in the visitors area, and looking back on that day he was sentenced in November 1997, he sighs. "There is no doubt in my mind that I feel I should have been punished," he says. "No doubt about it. But I don't agree that I should die in prison."


Lisette is Padilla's wife of 27 years and she says prison has made him "a better man."


They met as teenagers in Philadelphia, as neighbors. Back then, Padilla was kind of a celebrity on the block — high school prom king, a bit of a bragger. And though he was an honors student, he says college never crossed his mind.



Padilla, seen with his wife Lisette, earned his associate's degree while in prison.i i



Padilla, seen with his wife Lisette, earned his associate's degree while in prison. Courtesy The Padilla Family hide caption



itoggle caption Courtesy The Padilla Family

Padilla, seen with his wife Lisette, earned his associate's degree while in prison.



Padilla, seen with his wife Lisette, earned his associate's degree while in prison.


Courtesy The Padilla Family


The years away, Lisette says, have changed him. "David is an amazing man, amazing father," she explains. "He worked so hard and I'm proud of what he has accomplished all these years. I think prison was a good thing for him."


In 1997, the judge branded Padilla a career offender who had squandered his potential. Here's a glimpse of what he accomplished since then. Behind bars, he found an unlikely passion—dentistry. He works in the prison lab, work that puts a smile on his face and a shine in his eyes.


"I never imagined that these hands would make a denture for somebody," Padilla says. "These hands, would make a prosthesis for someone. I never thought I can do that."


He also finished an associate's degree. Ask, and he'll give the credit for his close-knit family, and his own turnaround, to his wife.


"I really owe it all to my wife Lisette. She's been mommy, she's been daddy, she's been a supportive wife. She's been my everything. She had options, I gave her options," Padilla adds.


Lisette says she never considered leaving her husband. "The day of the sentencing he turns around and tells me, 'go on with your life.' I told him 'no,' I told him 'no, I'm here for you you now. Things get hard, I got to be there for you regardless.' We're his voice, we're his voice in the outside world. I believe that when two people get married, it's forever."


All these years, every year, Lisette says she takes her vacation around their wedding anniversary in August, so she can visit him multiple times in a week.


And though their children were young when he was sentenced, he's remained a big part of their lives, nudging and even nagging them about school and doing the right thing. Padilla said he had two choices when he got sent to prison for life: continue on the road to destruction, or be a model for his three kids.


"I have to show them that I can be good, that I can do what I'm telling them to do. So every time I'd get my grades...I would send them my grades, 'this is what daddy got, these are my grades, show me your grades.'"


David and Lisette's oldest daughter, Sasha, is now 26.


"I remember this project on Italy," she says. "It was one of my biggest projects and he actually went to the library, he got the encyclopedia, printed out pages for me and while I'm looking at the photocopies, he has the book so we're conversing back and forth on what's more important, what should I write, what should my thesis be."


Sasha says she's always felt a deep attachment to her dad.


Padilla, now 47, also mentors young offenders. And just as he's been preparing himself in prison, Lisette says she and the children have been preparing themselves too, for a day they can only hope for.


During Padilla's long incarceration, she squirreled away anything that could document her husband's transformation.


"Letters and certificates and recommendations," Lisette remembers. "I started making copies, I'm going to make 20 booklets. And I told Sasha, I said 'Sash, you need to come over and help me because this is a lot of paper.' We had papers all over the table, all over the floor."


Finally, last winter, Padilla heard about about a new effort, known as Clemency Project 2014, to help people serving long sentences for non-violent drug crimes. Authorities held out the promise of pardons or early release for inmates who would have been sentenced to less time if they committed crimes today.


And pro bono lawyers were looking for prisoners who might make model cases. Attorney Jeremy Klatell describes why he took this case.


"The consistency over the 18 years of David's incarceration with which he has dedicated to rehabilitating himself as a person can't really be faked," Klatell says. "He's never had a single disciplinary infraction and we are utterly convinced that David is a different person than he was 18 years ago."


Padilla's petition is now under review. And though he's excited, prison has taught him to temper his emotions.


"Everything is hurry up and wait," he says. "Wait for the phone lines, wait for the computers, wait to get to commissary, patience is so important here."


He says he's in no rush. He's been waiting for 18 years. And he doesn't want to set expectations too high.


"My hope is to be with my family once again, to reestablish my household, to be the so-called captain of the ship one more time, that's my hope," Padilla says.


Lisette has simple dreams, she says.


"Hopefully we rebuild a new beginning," she says. "Be able to go hold hands, or take a walk in the park, walk down the beach, you know, things that we miss."


Lisette wants to show him the colors she painted the living room and the hard wood floors she sanded.


She wants a new kitchen, but she says she's saving that job for him.



Army arrests 2 suspects over Arsal clashes


What now for militants in Lebanon?


A reported clash Tuesday night near a Palestinian base in the mountains above the Bekaa Valley village of Qousaya...



East Lebanon kidnapper wants to marry teen victim: local sources


BAALBEK, Lebanon: The man who snatched a teenage girl from a schoolyard playground in east Lebanon earlier this week intends to marry her, local sources told The Daily Star Friday.


Mahdi Nazha, in his 30s, brought three masked gunmen with him to a public school in the village of al-Ain and abducted 17-year-old Lilian Houri from the playground Wednesday over what were unclear motives.


But Friday sources said the man, from the nearby village of Nabi Othman, wanted the girl's hand in marriage, and is seeking to "negotiate" a deal with her parents.


The sources said Nazha was in love with Houri, but that the girl had shown no interest in marrying him, and that her parents had completely rejected the union.


Relatives of the captor had planned Thursday to meet with the Houris “to negotiate a deal,” but the girl's family refused to see them unless they brought their daughter back.


Residents of al-Ain and the schoolgirl's classmates demonstrated Friday morning around 6:30 a.m. near the school to call for her release.


A security source told The Daily Star that the Army raided Nazha’s house in Nabi Othman, but the man had escaped with his hostage to an unknown destination.


Houri’s family has refused to talk to the media over the girl's kidnapping.


A teacher close to the Houri family had told The Daily Star that the family intended to stage a retaliatory kidnapping by abducting a child from the Nazha family.


However, no one from the Nazha family attended school on Thursday, he added.



Live: Obama's Year-End News Conference


President Obama is speaking to reporters in a year-end news conference at the Brady Press Briefing Room at the White House. He's expected to discuss issues ranging from this week's announcement of normalization of relations with Cuba to the Senate Intelligence Committee's so-called "torture report."


In addition to the live blog here, NPR is airing live coverage of the news conference on member stations across the country.



Dan Pfeiffer Joins Medium: "Breaking Down the 'Worst' Year in Washington"

Today, Senior Advisor Dan Pfeiffer joined the new publishing platform Medium -- authoring a post that reflects on the incredible amount of progress made in 2014 despite some claims that the President had "the worst year in Washington." Moving forward, he will continue to post important highlights, insights, and reflections on the President's agenda.


(For more posts from across the Administration, be sure to also follow President Obama and the White House on Medium, as well.)


In today's post, he reflects on 2014 as a year of real and meaningful progress for President Obama and the progressive agenda -- no matter what the critics have said. He goes on to note a few meaningful progress points from the year:




  1. 2014 has been the strongest year of job growth since the 1990s.




  2. America's uninsured rate dropped to near-historic lows in 2014 -- In spite of the fact that this time a year ago, politicians and the press were predicting the demise of the Affordable Care Act.




  3. The President made historic progress across the board on the central global challenge of the next century: Climate change and environmental protection.




  4. President Obama's Executive Action to fix our immigration system is the most meaningful effort in decades to make the system fairer, more transparent, and more predictable.




  5. In his six years in office, the President has reshaped the federal judiciary to include more women, minorities, gays, and lesbians, so it might resemble more closely the nation it serves.




Read the full post on Medium -- and then share it with anyone you know who might need a reminder of exactly how much got done in 2014.



FBI Officially Blames North Korea for the Sony Hack


The FBI has determined that North Korea's government is responsible for the Sony hack that has resulted in weeks of turmoil throughout Hollywood. This week Sony Pictures withdrew its plans for a theatrical release of the controversial comedy The Interview following threats of an attack from the "Guardians of Peace" hackers and a refusal by major theater chains to screen the film. In a statement released today, the FBI cites similarities in code, encryption algorithms, and methods of data deletion used in the Sony hack to other malware tools previously developed by North Korea. For now the hackers reportedly say they will stop the leaks. Read the full FBI statement below:


Today, the FBI would like to provide an update on the status of our investigation into the cyber attack targeting Sony Pictures Entertainment (SPE). In late November, SPE confirmed that it was the victim of a cyber attack that destroyed systems and stole large quantities of personal and commercial data. A group calling itself the “Guardians of Peace” claimed responsibility for the attack and subsequently issued threats against SPE, its employees, and theaters that distribute its movies.


The FBI has determined that the intrusion into SPE’s network consisted of the deployment of destructive malware and the theft of proprietary information as well as employees’ personally identifiable information and confidential communications. The attacks also rendered thousands of SPE’s computers inoperable, forced SPE to take its entire computer network offline, and significantly disrupted the company’s business operations.


After discovering the intrusion into its network, SPE requested the FBI’s assistance. Since then, the FBI has been working closely with the company throughout the investigation. Sony has been a great partner in the investigation, and continues to work closely with the FBI. Sony reported this incident within hours, which is what the FBI hopes all companies will do when facing a cyber attack. Sony’s quick reporting facilitated the investigators’ ability to do their jobs, and ultimately to identify the source of these attacks.


As a result of our investigation, and in close collaboration with other U.S. Government departments and agencies, the FBI now has enough information to conclude that the North Korean government is responsible for these actions. While the need to protect sensitive sources and methods precludes us from sharing all of this information, our conclusion is based, in part, on the following:


· Technical analysis of the data deletion malware used in this attack revealed links to other malware that the FBI knows North Korean actors previously developed. For example, there were similarities in specific lines of code, encryption algorithms, data deletion methods, and compromised networks.


· The FBI also observed significant overlap between the infrastructure used in this attack and other malicious cyber activity the U.S. Government has previously linked directly to North Korea. For example, the FBI discovered that several Internet protocol (IP) addresses associated with known North Korean infrastructure communicated with IP addresses that were hardcoded into the data deletion malware used in this attack.


· Separately, the tools used in the SPE attack have similarities to a cyber attack in March of last year against South Korean banks and media outlets, which was carried out by North Korea.


We are deeply concerned about the destructive nature of this attack on a private sector entity and the ordinary citizens who worked there. Further, North Korea’s attack on SPE reaffirms that cyber threats pose one of the gravest national security dangers to the United States. Though the FBI has seen a wide variety and increasing number of cyber intrusions, the destructive nature of this attack, coupled with its coercive nature, sets it apart. North Korea’s actions were intended to inflict significant harm on a U.S. business and suppress the right of American citizens to express themselves. Such acts of intimidation fall outside the bounds of acceptable state behavior. The FBI takes seriously any attempt – whether through cyber-enabled means, threats of violence, or otherwise – to undermine the economic and social prosperity of our citizens.


The FBI stands ready to assist any U.S. company that is the victim of a destructive cyber attack or breach of confidential business information. Further, the FBI will continue to work closely with multiple departments and agencies as well as with domestic, foreign, and private sector partners who have played a critical role in our ability to trace this and other cyber threats to their source. Working together, the FBI will identify, pursue, and impose costs and consequences on individuals, groups, or nation states who use cyber means to threaten the United States or U.S. interests.


[H/T: Business Insider]



Advocacy Groups Tell Lawmakers To Back Off



Workers with the Pebble Mine project test drill in July 2007 in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska near the village of Iliamma.i i



Workers with the Pebble Mine project test drill in July 2007 in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska near the village of Iliamma. Al Grillo/AP hide caption



itoggle caption Al Grillo/AP

Workers with the Pebble Mine project test drill in July 2007 in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska near the village of Iliamma.



Workers with the Pebble Mine project test drill in July 2007 in the Bristol Bay region of Alaska near the village of Iliamma.


Al Grillo/AP


Three advocacy organizations — across ideological lines — are telling congressional investigators to back off in a probe of EPA ties to a leading environmental group, the Natural Resources Defense Council.


Republican Rep. Darrell Issa of California and Sen. David Vitter of Louisiana are leading the investigation. They contend that NRDC lobbyists have exerted too much influence over EPA on the issues of carbon reduction and the proposed Pebble Mine at Bristol Bay, Alaska.


In September, Vitter, Issa and four other Republican lawmakers sent a letter to NRDC president Frances Beinecke, telling her to give their committees all NRDC communications with EPA on those two issues, going back to the day President Obama took office in 2009.


NRDC turned over about 450 emails last month. Investigators have also gotten documents from EPA – and that duplication is what led the three advocacy organizations to object. Washington director Laura Murphy of the American Civil Liberties Union, Alliance for Justice president Nan Aron and Center for Competitive Politics president David Keating wrote to Issa and Vitter that the letter seems intended to intimidate NRDC "with the heavy hand of Congress."


They urged the lawmakers "to show more sensitivity to the First Amendment right to petition government," and to drop the sweeping request. They said investigators could subpoena agency records and officials and hold hearings, and should focus on the conduct of agency officials, not private citizens.


Murphy, Aron and Keating noted that their groups don't agree – or even have positions – on the carbon and mining issues. The ACLU and AFJ are considered liberal groups; CCP is seen as conservative. The letter went out Wednesday.


Vitter's office has described the probe as focusing on "the collusion between environmental activists, lawyers and lobbyists, billionaires and their supporting foundations who use large sums of money to influence environmental public policy."


Vitter's and Issa's offices didn't respond to requests for comment Wednesday.